Salivary gland conditions can significantly impact oral health, causing symptoms like pain, swelling, and infection. One common issue is salivary gland stones, or sialolithiasis, which arises when calcified deposits block the salivary ducts. This obstruction can lead to pain, swelling, and often, infection. Sialadenitis, a painful bacterial infection, frequently occurs in those with salivary gland stones, particularly in elderly adults. Newborns can also experience sialadenitis in their early weeks.

The primary cause of salivary gland infections is staph bacteria, usually affecting individuals with a dry mouth due to various factors like medications, dehydration, or surgery. Factors such as inadequate nutrition, poor oral hygiene, and dehydration also contribute to these infections. H. pylori, a bacteria commonly transmitted through saliva or fecal contamination, is another concern. Crowded living conditions, untreated water, and poor hygiene are significant contributors to H. pylori prevalence.

Bacterial infections in the salivary glands can occur when saliva flow is impeded, either by stones or duct narrowing. Conditions like dehydration, which can be exacerbated by illnesses and certain medications (e.g., antihistamines, beta-blockers, diuretics), also reduce saliva flow, increasing infection risk. Radioactive iodine treatment can have similar effects.

Throat infections such as pharyngitis and tonsillitis, caused by various agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites), also impact salivary glands. While most of these infections are viral and don’t require antibiotics, bacterial infections are treated accordingly.

Salivary gland stones can cause bacterial infections, marked by symptoms like redness, fever, and a persistent bad taste. It’s crucial to consult an otolaryngologist for a proper diagnosis if sialolithiasis is suspected.

Additionally, cat scratch disease, a bacterial infection transmitted through cat scratches and bites, is another related concern. This infection is often carried in the saliva of cats, especially kittens, who are more likely to scratch or bite.

For further information, please refer to the following sources:
Mayo Clinic Health System,
Harvard Health,
UC Irvine Medical Center,
University of Arizona,
McGovern Medical School,
University of Rochester Medical Center,
UC Irvine Medical Center,
University of Rochester Medical Center.